Monoclonal antibody treatment has been widely used in order to eliminate the possibilities of hospitalization and death due to Covid. At the beginning of the pandemic, getting a positive result from a Covid test created a lot of confusion. However, with the help of vaccination and monoclonal antibody infusion, people are getting better and better. Meanwhile, the applications of monoclonal antibodies don’t just stop there. These labs created antibodies that are also used to diagnose some conditions. Additionally, some of the main diagnosing applications are:
Pregnancy Test Kits:
Nowadays, pregnancy test kits use monoclonal antibodies. These kits are created to find a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) that is only found in pregnant women’s urine. Monoclonal antibodies are placed on the stick of the pregnancy test kit where a woman urinates. If the woman is pregnant, there will be HCG in her urine, and it will stick to the monoclonal antibodies on the kit. As a result, the color or the pattern of the stick will be changed, describing pregnancy. These antibodies in the pregnancy test kit will only stick with HCG.
Monoclonal Antibody infusion being used in cancer Diagnosing and treatment
There are some cancerous cells that contain specific antigens on the top of their surface, known as tumor markers. Monoclonal antibodies can be created in a specific way that can get attached to these antigens. Afterward, when these antigens are injected into a person, they will get attached to the cancerous cells and will bind them together. As a result, it becomes easier to identify a cancerous tumor. Afterward, it can be treated or removed easily. Monoclonal antibody treatment is not just used for covid only, but they can also treat cancer by:
- Transporting the drugs to the tumor.
- Enhancing the immune system of the person to kill the cancerous cells.
Immunoassays:
This condition uses monoclonal antibody infusion to diagnose infections like HIV, chlamydia, and malaria. The monoclonal antibody has made the diagnosing process very efficient and effective. These antibodies are made so that specific antigens can be found, such:
- Bacteria chlamydia trachmatis is the reason behind the chlamydia.
- Moreover, identifying HIV that causes aids.
- Furthermore, Plasmodium is the protist that causes malaria.
Additionally, these antibodies are also bound with dyes that shine fluorescent under UV light or when radioactive labels are used. Afterward, when they are mixed with infected fluids, the mAbs will get attached to the antigens and clump them. Similarly, when they are observed with UV or radioactive labels, this will identify not only the infection but also the severity of it.
Tissue Typing
If there is an organ transplant process that is required, the match should be suitable. A suitable match means that the donor organ and tissue type must match. In addition, the tissue type is used to classify the extent of the reaction of the immune system of the recipient against the donor organ antigens. If the result is negative, there can be organ rejection. However, monoclonal antibodies can eliminate the rejection. This monoclonal antibody treatment stops the lymphocytes that create antibodies against the transplanted organ. In simple words, the lymphocytes will not create antibodies, so the transplant will be more effective.
Monitoring Malaria:
The monoclonal antibody can be sued to identify the malarial antigens in the blood. Additionally, Plasmodium is the protist that is the main reason for malaria. Afterward, blood samples are taken from the people and analyzed with monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies will diagnose the living or dead Plasmodium in the blood. This process helps to show the effectiveness of antimalarial medications. For instance, if the person’s blood has Plasmodium antigen, but there are no symptoms of malaria, this means the drugs are working.
Benefits and limitations of monoclonal antibodies:
Advantages:
Like the Covid test identifies the Coronavirus, monoclonal antibodies can be designed to identify almost every material. As mentioned above, they can identify HCG in pregnant women and also identify the diseases like AIDS and HIV. Moreover, these monoclonal antibody treatments can also treat conditions like cancer and enhance the immune system to kill cancerous cells.
Boundaries:
As we all know, human anatomy is quite complicated and complex. Scientists believed that monoclonal antibodies would be a miracle that would help us to identify and treat any kind of medical problem. However, new studies show that this isn’t the case. There has been some kind of side effects on the human body, and many doctors don’t recommend utilizing these Monoclonal antibody infusion techniques. Moreover, they are also very expensive to produce.
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